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The purpose of this paper is to develop models to accurately predict the residual stresses due to the roller straightening of railroad rails. Several aspects of residual stress creation in rail due to roller straightening are addressed. The effect of the characteristics of the loads applied by the roller-straightener on the stress profile is examined. In addition, the analysis attempts to discern the relative influence of bending and contact on the residual stresses. The last goal is to determine how the heat treatment of rail alters the predicted roller-straightening residual stress field. The loads for the simulation are estimated from available data. To identify the most credible values, a baseline loading case is defined and modeled. These straightening loads are parameterized by considering alternative loading scenarios. Residual stresses and deformations are calculated using these loads. To separate the effects of bending and contact on the residual stress induced by the roller loads, each credible load case is analyzed with two models. One is a 2-dimensional generalized plane strain (GPS) model that accounts only for the flexural stresses. The other is a fully 3-dimensional analysis that includes roll-on-rail contact to make estimates of the true residual stress field. Comparison of the residual stress results from both models reveals the relative influence of local roll-rail contact and bending on the final profile. Comparison of the 2- and 3-dimensional residual stress results reveals that the magnitude of the contact loads is a decisive influence on the stress field, even in portions of the rail web located far from the contact interface. Therefore, it is critical to obtain accurate estimates of the straightening loads to make accurate roller straightening residual stress estimates. Heat treatment of the rail prior to roller straightening primarily affects the longitudinal residual stress in the web, causing a positive shift in the stress values.Copyright © 2004 by ASME

Finite Element Estimation of the Residual Stresses in Roller-Straightened Rail