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An energy management controller based on shortest path stochastic dynamic programming (SP-SDP) is implemented and tested in a prototype vehicle. The controller simultaneously optimizes fuel economy and powertrain activity, namely gear shifts and engine on–off events. Previous work reported on the controller's design and its extensive simulation-based evaluation. This paper focuses on implementation of the controller algorithm in hardware. Practical issues concerning real-time computability, driver perception, and command timing are highlighted and addressed. The SP-SDP controllers are shown to run in real-time, gracefully handle variations in engine start and gear-shift-completion times, and operate in a manner that is transparent to the driver. A hardware problem with the test vehicle restricted its maximum engine torque, which prevented a reliable fuel economy assessment of the SP-SDP controller. The data that were collected indicated that SP-SDP controllers could be straightforwardly designed to operate at different points of the fuel economy tradeoff curve and that their fuel economy may equal or exceed that of a baseline industrial controller designed for the vehicle.

Real-Time Implementation and Hardware Testing of a Hybrid Vehicle Energy Management Controller Based on Stochastic Dynamic Programming