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We explore an embryonic heart model that couples electrophysiology andmuscle-force generation to flow induced using a $2D$ fluid-structureinteraction framework based on the immersed boundary method. The propagation ofaction potentials are coupled to muscular contraction and hence the overallpumping dynamics. In comparison to previous models, the electro-dynamical modeldoes not use prescribed motion to initiate the pumping motion, but rather thepumping dynamics are fully coupled to an underlying electrophysiology model,governed by the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. Perturbing the diffusion parameterin the FitzHugh-Nagumo model leads to a bifurcation in dynamics of actionpotential propagation. This bifurcation is able to capture a spectrum ofdifferent pumping regimes, with dynamic suction pumping and peristaltic-likepumping at the extremes. We find that more bulk flow is produced within therealm of peristaltic-like pumping.

Bifurcations in valveless pumping techniques from a coupled fluid-structure-electrophysiology model in heart development