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Objetive: This work integrates sequencing information of mtDNA from Northern South America with Puerto Rico, to reach an understanding of the peopling of the Caribbean, especially the Tainos. At the same time, it sheds light on demographic events in the Pre-Columbian Colombia. Methodology: Fifty nine samples from Colombia and Venezuela were obtained, and then analyzed along with two others from Warao Indians available in Genbank. HVR (Hypervariable Region) I and II sequences were aligned and compared to the rCRS. Fully 93,4% of the mtDNA samples were shown to be of Amerindian origin.  Results: A Venezuelan exhibited ancient mutations related to lineage C-II of Puerto Rico, which has been estimated to have arrived to this island in pre- Arawak times. Through complete mtDNA sequencing, it was shown that this sample, VE6, belongs to the Native American C1b clade. Two individuals from Colombia and Venezuela showed the 16129 transition that defines lineage A-VIII of Puerto Rico. This transition has also been found in the Cuban Ciboneys and in various American tribes. A one base pair deletion –498d– defines lineage B-I from Colombia (Bogota and “Villa de Leyva”, Boyaca), a polymorphism found in the departments belonging to the Eastern cordillera and extending to the Cauca Valley and Panama. Conclusions: This lineage went through a demographic expansion in the Eastern Cordillera that may have triggered its geographic expansion to Panama. It would be recommendable to expand the sampling of the Northern Coast of Colombia and Venezuela to find more pre-Columbian connections with Puerto Rico. Furthermore, it would be convenient to verify the geographic distribution of 498d with a bigger sample covering a wider region of Colombia.

universitas medica

Estudios sobre ADN mitocondrial sugieren un linaje predominante en la cordillera Oriental de Colombia y un vínculo suramericano para los arcaicos de Puerto Rico