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This paper investigates the effect of political factors on safeguards. We present a simple model to show the relationship between political factors and safeguards, and empirically examine whether the Japanese safeguard system was influenced by the political factors. Our empirical analysis shows that the Japanese safeguard system for agricultural products is not neutral to the WTO Agreement on Safeguards and it is distorted due to political reasons.• JEL Classification: F13, D72, D73

The Economics and Politics of Safeguards - Political Economy of the Japanese Safeguard System for Agricultural Goods -