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ŽALUD ZDENĚK, BROTAN JAN, HLAVINKA PETR, TRNKA MIROSLAV: Trends in temperature and precipitation in the period of 1961–2010 in Žabcice locality. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 5, pp. 1521–1531 The paper evaluates fi y-year series of meteorological data measured at the experimental fi eld station of Žabcice training farm belonging to Mendel University in Brno. The evaluated temperature and precipitation data from 1961 to 2010 were divided into the normal period of 1961–1990 and the subsequent period of twenty years from 1991 to 2010. In addition to the monthly data, diff erent parts of the year were assessed and compared. The fi ndings of this local study carried out in the warmest and also the driest locality in the Czech Republic imply a change in the development of climate. Ten of the twelve months show higher average temperatures in the last two decades and similarly, a change in the rainfall distribution during the year has been observed. The decline in rainfall can be seen in spring period while the increase is evident in summer time. The highest diff erence in monthly temperatures of the two evaluated time periods was recorded in July (1.4 °C) and in August (1.7 °C). In accordance with the scenarios of climate change, lower rainfall totals were recorded in spring months (April to June), which, along with the temperature increase, negatively aff ects the agroclimatic conditions of the plant growth and development at the time of the intensive biomass production. long-term meteorological trends, climate variability, climate change, temperature, precipitation, climate diagram, agrometeorology Žabcice agroclimatic station was established in 1928 on the premises of Žabcice training farm and was aimed to monitor basic meteorological data for the needs of teaching and research at the University of Agriculture in Brno. Right in the middle of this exploration area specifi c measurements and observations were carried out to support fi eld experiments. Continuous measurements of basic meteorological elements in daily step are available from the beginning of the 1960s (1961), among which air temperature (°C) and precipitation total (mm) are the most frequently used data collected on the site of the training farm. Based largely on these, Rožnovský and Svoboda (1995) work analyses selected meteorological and agroclimatic characteristics for the Žabcice area in the normal period of 1961–1990. The presented study focuses on the comparison of the same meteorological elements elaborated on the basis of daily data with the following twenty-year period of 1991–2010. It is aimed i) to compare the monthly air temperature and precipitation totals data, ii) to identify the diff erences for both monitored periods and from the meteorological point of view theoretically evaluate their potential impact on fi eld crops growing, and iii) to judge whether the possible changes correspond with the climate change scenarios for the region of southern Moravia. The detailed long-term meteorological observations connected with fi eld crops growing experiments in one of the warmest and driest sites of the CR are also of great value for the discussion of climate change impacts. It is in climatically extreme localities, and Žabcice ranking in the warm and dry area with moderate winter (Tolasz et al., 2007) in the CR meet this condition, where it is possible 1522 Zdeněk Žalud, Jan Brotan, Petr Hlavinka, Miroslav Trnka to confi rm or refute hypotheses of the changes of meteorological elements focused on the changes of temperature or rainfall totals and distribution. At the same time, with such a long series, it is to some extent achievable to validate regionally the success rate of climate change scenarios trends resulting from the Global Circulation Models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agroclimatic station, where meteorological measurements are currently carried out, is located on the grounds of the training farm between Žabcice and Židlochovice, approximately 25 km to the south of Brno. Its geographic coordinates are 49°1’18.512”N and 16°36’56.035”E and it is a locality of plane character with the altitude of 179 m a.s.l. in a typical agricultural area with a high portion of arable land and rare occurrence of woods. The main measuring instruments until 1995 were the station rain gauge, minimum and maximum thermometer, psychrometer, thermograph, and hygrograph. In the period of 1961–1995 the data were obtained from the site (a part of the station) located in the training farm in the distance of about 1 km from the present position of the agroclimatic station in the centre of the training farm grounds. Here the operation of the automated measuring systems started in 1995. Due to a very short measuring interval, this is signifi cant also for the fi eld experiments, e.g. in relation to the description of individual agrotechnic interventions. The basis for the current data collection is data loggers, or centrals (from Cambell fi rm) with a several-month data capacity, which are connected to meteorological sensors measuring in twosecond intervals. The data are stored and recorded as fi een-minute averages (e.g. temperature) or sums (e.g. precipitation). The station is equipped and the sensors are placed in accordance with the “Instructions for meteorological observers“ issued as a methodical instruction by Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (Tolasz, 2003). The database currently contains daily values of selected meteorological elements from 1961 to 2012 of which multi-day (fi ve-day, ten-day, monthly, and annual) averages for temperature are counted for the needs of this study according to the equation (1).

Trends in temperature and precipitation in the period of 1961-2010 in Žabčice locality