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KRÁLÍČKOVÁ ŠÁRKA, KUCHTÍK JAN, FILIPČÍK RADEK, LUŽOVÁ TÁŇA, ŠUSTOVÁ KVĚTOSLAVA: Eff ect of chosen factors on milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic milk of Brown short-haired goats. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 1, pp. 99–105 Eff ect of stage of lactation (SL), parity (PA), litter size (LS) and month of kidding (MK) on daily milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic goat milk were evaluated using 32 goats of Brown short-haired breed which were reared on an organic farm in Olešenka. Goats were on the 1st (n = 15), 2nd (n = 10) and 3rd (n = 7) lactation; 15 of them gave birth to singles and 17 to twins. Kidding occurred in January (n = 5), February (n = 13) and March (n = 8). During the experiment all goats were reared on permanent pasture, in one fl ock and under the identical conditions. The PA had a signifi cant eff ect on all monitored parameters; also the SL had a signifi cant eff ect on all monitored parameters except SCC. Systematic factors LS and MK had a signifi cant eff ect only on DMY and SCC; on the other hand, these factors had no signifi cant eff ect on basic milk composition. The milk fat was the most variable component of the milk. On the other hand the lactose content was during lactation very well-balanced. SCCs were relatively low which indicates good health status of mammary gland. The highest DMY, SCC and contents of basic milk components, except lactose, were found in goats on PA2. The higher DMY was expected in goats with twins compared to goats with singles, but the opposite trend proved to be true. organic milk, dairy goats, milk yield, composition, somatic cells Goats were the fi rst to be domesticated by early humans as farm livestock about 10,000 years ago and these animals were developed around the world into hundreds of diff erent breeds (Hatziminaoglou and Boyazoglu, 2004; Park and Haenlein, 2006). In the Czech Republic (CR) the goat husbandry has generally been ranked among a minority group in the animal production. However, last ten years can be considered as the renewal of this breeding in our country, whilst its development was above all registered within the organic production. By the way, the number of goats has increased since 2006 by 61.5 % and the current number app2roaches 23,300 heads (Bucek et al., 2011), while in 2011 was approximately a quarter of goats reared on organic farms. The most widespread breeds in CR are White short-haired goat and Brown short-haired goat. Goat’s milk composition is very similar to cow’s milk, making it a relatively widely used for subsequent processing (consume goat milk, cheese, yoghurts, fermented milk products etc.). On the other hand, this milk is relatively very o en used as an alternative to cow milk because of its digestibility and low allergenicity (Mowlem, 2005). In any case, goat milk is very popular among the consumers because of its natural and organic image. Consumption of goat milk has not been a traditional in the Czech Republic; currently its consumption is only 0.1 liters per inhabitant per year. On the other hand, nowadays the value of goat milk in human 100 Šárka Králíčková, Jan Kuchtík, Radek Filipčík, Táňa Lužová, Květoslava Šustová nutrition is growing up (Hanuš et al., 2008 and Bucek et al., 2011). The chemical composition of goat milk and its production are aff ected by various factors, mainly by nutrition, breed, stage of lactation, parity, environment, season and udder health status (Boayzoglu and Morand-Fehr, 2001; Park et al., 2007). For goat milk is typical “goat smell” or “goaty” rancid taste which is caused by the short-chain fatty acids (FA), these make up approximately 25 % of all free FA in goat milk. Under unfavorable condition goat milk is subjected to lipolysis in which these FA are liberated (Soryal et al., 2005; Park and Guo, 2006). Compared to cow milk, goat milk is richer in vitamins and minerals (Carnicella et al., 2008). Goat milk proteins are similar to the major cow milk proteins in their general classifi cation, but they diff er in genetic polymorphism (Haenlein, 2004). The fat globules in goat milk are characterized by a smaller diameter than those of cow milk and probably this is one of the reasons for its easier and quicker digestion (Park et al., 2007). The somatic cell count (SCC) is a major indicator of the health status of mammary gland. Mastitis is the most frequent disease in dairy herds and is the main source of economic loss in milk production. Goat milk contains naturally higher SCC than cow milk due to the apocrine secretory process of goats (Park and Guo, 2006), while Leitner et al., (2004) reported as normal SCC between 210,000 and 1,120,000 cells/ml. However, as opposed to dairy cows, for which the European Union (Council Regulation No. 853/2004) established the limit to be at 400,000 cells/ ml, goat milk limit is not established. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the eff ect of chosen factors (stage of lactation, parity, litter size and month of kidding) on milk yield, basic composition and SCC of organic milk of Brown short-haired goat. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was carried out on an organic farm in Olešenka during 2011. The farm is situated in the Vysočina region at an altitude of 520m above sea level with an average annual temperature of 6.6 oC and annual precipitation of 670mm. The experiment involved 32 goats of Brown short-haired breed, while in terms of parity 15 goats were on the fi rst lactation (PA1), 10 goats on the second lactation (PA2) and 7 goats on the third lactation (PA3). With regard to litter size there were 15 goats which gave birth to singles (LS1) and 17 goats gave birth to twins (LS2). The kidding occurred in January (n = 5), February (n = 13) and March (n = 8). The weaning of kids was carried out at the age of kids from 45 to 50 days. A er the weaning all does began to be machine milked twice a day. Before parturition the daily feed ration of goats consisted of meadow hay (ad libitum), haylage (ad libitum), organic mineral lick (ad libitum) and fodder beet (1 kg/head). During the lactation the daily feed ration of goats consisted of permanent pasture (ad libitum), meadow hay (ad libitum), organic oat (0.5kg/ head), organic feed mixture for milking goats (VK DRCMAN/CR, 0.5kg/head) and organic mineral lick (ad libitum.). During the experiment, all goats were reared in one fl ock under identical conditions without any discernible diff erences in nutrition or management. Milk records and samplings for each goat were carried out seven times in the period from April to October. Milk records were carried out during the morning and evening milking (6 am, 6 pm), whereas, sampling was done only in the morning. The obtained data was subsequently recalculated using linear interpolation to the average 50th, 85th, 120th, 155th, 190th, 225th and 260th day of lactation. Individual milk samples were cooled to 5–8 °C and transported in a thermo-box to a specialized milk laboratory at Mendel University in Brno and to the private Laboratory for Milk Analysis in Brno-Tuřany (Bohemian-Moravian Association of Breeders, a. s.). As part of the laboratory analysis, the following determinations of milk composition were carried out: total solids (TS), fat (F), total protein (TP), casein (C) and lactose (L) contents. The evaluation of daily milk yield (DMY) and somatic cell count (SCC) was also an integral part of this study. Milk yield was determined from the whole day with an accuracy of 0.01l. TS content (%) was determined gravimetrically; by over drying at 102 °C to constant weight (Czech technical Standard ISO No. 6731, 1998). F content (%) was determined by Gerber’s acidobutyrometric method (Czech Technical Standard ISO No. 2446, 2001). TP and C contents (%) were determined using a PRO-MILK apparatus (manufactured by the Danish Co. Foss Electric; Czech Technical Standard No. 570530, 1974). L content (%) was determined polarimetrically (Czech Technical Standard No. 570530, 1974). SCC was determined using fl uoroopto-electronic apparatus BENTLEY 2500 (Czech Technical Standard EN ISO No. 13366-2, 2007). A statistical analysis was carried out using the mathematical-statistical package STATISTICA version 9.0. The following mathematical model was used: Yijklm = μ + SLi + PAj + LSk + MKl + eijklm, where Yijklm is the experimental observation, μ the general mean, SLi the fi xed eff ect of ith stage of lactation (i = 1, ...7), PAj the fi xed eff ect of jth parity (j = 1, 2 and 3), LSk the fi xed eff ect of kth litter size (k = 1 and 2), MKl the fi xed eff ect of lth month of kidding (l = 1, 2 and 3) and eijklm is random residual error. Tukey’s HSD test was used to determination the statistically signifi cant diff erences. The diff erences were considered signifi cant if P < 0.05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The stage of lactation (SL) (Tab. I) had a signifi cant (P ≤ 0.01) eff ect on daily milk yield (DMY) and Eff ect of chosen factors on milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic milk 101 contents of fat (F), total protein (TP) and casein (C). This factor also signifi cantly (P ≤ 0.05) aff ected contents of total solids (TS) and lactose (L). These fi ndings correspond with data published by Zeng et al. (1997), Kuchtík and Sedláčková (2003), Kondyli et al. (2007), Mestawet et al. (2012) and Pajor et al. (2012). On the other hand, the SL had not a signifi cant eff ect on somatic cell count (SCC), which is in line with data published by Borges et al. (2004). However, Fekadu et al. (2005) and Vacca et al. (2010) did not found a signifi cant eff ect of SL on SCC. DMY decreased from the beginning till the end of lactation, similar trend has been reported by Zeng and Escobar (1995), Kuchtík and Sedláčková (2003), Keskin et al. (2004) and Strzałkowska et al. (2010). On the contrary, according to Vacca et al. (2010) and Mestawet et al. (2012), the peak of DMY oc

Effect of chosen factors on milk yield, basic composition and somatic cell count of organic milk of Brown short-haired goats