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KOVAR, P., VOZAR, Ľ., JANCOVIC, J.: The turfs quality of selected Slovak varieties of the genus Festuca under the conditions without irrigation. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 6, pp. 181–188 The development of botanical composition (in % dominance) in the period 2005–2011 and growthproduction process in the years 2007–2011 were evaluated in small-plots experiment with selected Slovak varieties of species of the genus Festuca. The experiment was realized under the conditions without irrigation of south-western Slovakia (locality Nitra). The data of botanical composition of turfs showed that fescue varieties were able to create well-covered vegetation (coverage 87–99 %) as early as next year a er sowing in conditions without irrigation. In the next period, the diff erences in turf coverage between varieties were minimized. The total height of turf and average daily gain of height were the highest in F. arundinacea Schreb. varieties throughout the observed period with signifi cant diff erences in year 2008 (p = 0.0239), 2009 (p = 0.0462) and 2011 (p = 0.0036). The most intensive growth had F. arundinacea Schreb. cv. Koreta (1.81 to 3.44 mm.d−1; i.e. very low to moderate intensity of growth). From point of view of aboveground phytomass production almost throughout the period were used varieties characterized by very low production of phytomass. Among years and varieties were observed diff erences in the ability thicken vegetation expressed as the ratio of the average daily gain of weight and average daily gain of height (W/H). F. rubra L. cv. Laroma (0.38 to 1.26 g.m−2.mm−1) and F. ovina L. cv. Grasina (0.37 to 1.54 g.m−2.mm−1) dominated in this indicator except for 2009, when higher values reached F. arundinacea Schreb. cv. Koreta and Levona (both 0.43 g.m−2.mm−1; F. rubra L. and F. ovina L. – 0.27 and 0.39 g.m−2.mm−1, respectively). botanical composition, quality, fescues, growth-production process Turfs, as inevitable and important part of the greenery in the human environment, are characterized by relatively low quality in most cases. Turfgrass quality is not a measure of yield or nutritive value, but it is a measure of aesthetics (i.e. density, uniformity, texture, smoothness, growth habit and colour) and functional use (www.ntep.org/ reports/ratings.htm). GREGOROVA, ĎURKOVA, TOMASKIN (2009) see the reason of inappropriate state of the turfs at the wrong species composition of turfgrass mixtures. Ongoing climatic changes accompanied by the uneven distribution of rainfall and relatively high temperatures, leading to a new perspective on traditional mixtures. As a perspective become species resistant to drought, such as species of the genus Festuca – F. ovina L., F. rubra L. and F. arundinacea Schreb. (CERNOCH, 2001). Warm-season grasses (Zoysia japonica L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) are applied in growing of turfs in conditions without irrigation (NASINEC, 1999; GREGOROVA, SMAJSTRLA, 2009). For enhance the quality of turf we can use also slowly growing species such as Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult., Poa compressa L., Phleum bulbosum Host non Gouan nom. illeg. or Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. (MARTINEK et al., 2011). According to NASINEC (2006) and HRABĚ et al. (2009) is expected to be wider application of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. turf varieties in common ornamental turfs, as can be seen in southern European countries and the Americas. This not only contributes durability whilst making relatively nice turf (SMAJSTRLA, 182 P. Kovar, Ľ. Vozar, J. Jancovic 2009), but also relatively stable pigment system and deep root system (KOVAR, 2009). These features remain Festuca arundinacea’s turf more green and lush in comparison with drought-resistant Festuca rubra L., which in unfavourable temperature and moisture period passes quickly into summer dormancy with a concomitant reducing the aesthetic quality and functionality of the turf. This was confi rmed in experiments of several authors (SCHEFFER, DUNN, MINNER, 1987; HUANG, GAO, 1999; GREGOROVA, ĎURKOVA, KOVAR, 2008). From an economic point of view is also important the intensity of growth and production of aboveground phytomass, especially when growing in low input conditions. Therefore, it is need to know not only biological properties, but also response to environmental conditions and level of caespestechnique in the selection of the species and varieties of turfgrasses (GREGOROVA, KOVAR, 2011). The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of turfs of selected Slovak varieties of the genus Festuca under conditions without irrigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Small-plot experiment with varieties of turf grasses was established in September 2005 in the Experimental and demonstration base of the Department of grassland ecosystems and forage crops in Nitra. Locality is characterized by an annual amount of precipitation at 561 mm, during growing season at 327 mm. The average annual temperature is 9.7 C, for vegetation 16.5 C. The average monthly temperatures and precipitation during the growing season of assessed years is shown in Tab. I. The soil is clay-loam fl uvial soils with fl uctuating level of subterranean water. Chemical composition of the experimental soil habitat is presented in Tab. II. We observed follows Slovak varieties of species of the genus Festuca: • Festuca rubra L. cv. Laroma, • Festuca ovina L. cv. Grasina, • Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Levona and cv. Koreta. All turfs were based by hand sowing 30 000 seeds. m−2. Experimental plot size was 1.5 × 1 m in 2 replications. Experimental area was irrigated only during the stage of emerging, in the next time were dependent only on atmospheric rainfall. Before sowing was applied “Starter” fertilizer (N-P-K 17-24-8) in a dose 25 g.m−2. In the next years were turfs fertilized by Travcerit (N-P-K 15-3-8) at a dose of 3 × 10 g.m−2 with application in spring, early summer and early autumn. I: Average monthly temperatures ( C) and sum of precipitation (mm) in years 2005–2011 and their average value for years 1961–1990 Year / month III IV V VI VII VIII IX X