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GALIK, B., SIMKO, M., JURACEK, M., BIRO, D., BUŇKA, F., MISAŘ, D., KRACMAR, S.: Content changes of selected mineral nutrients in mare’s colostrums in the fi rst 72 hours a er foaling. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 1, pp. 45–48 The aim of this study was to monitor levels of minerals in mare’s colostrum in the fi rst 3 days a er foaling. Colostrum samples from four warm-blood mares (in three repetitions) were analysed 2, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours postpartum. The samples were obtained by hand milking. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) contents were analysed in each sample. Non-signifi cant decrease of postpartum Ca and Na contents was found in the analysed samples. Signifi cant diff erences (P 0.05). Besides growth of Fe levels, decrease of Zn and Mn (P > 0.05) was also observed. horses, nutrition, macroelements, lactation, diff erences Maternal milk is the main source of nutrients for the newborn foals. Normally, they begin to suck within 1 to 2 hours a er birth (Kubiak et al. 1988, Houpt, 2002) and one-day old foals are nursed up to 10 times per hour (Smith-Funk and Crowell-Davis, 1992). Nutritional composition of the dam’s milk is aff ected by both genetic (Domellhof et al., 2004, Bujko et al., 2009, 2010) and non-genetic factors, such as diet, lactation stage and health status of mammary glands, albeit the mammary glands have been proved to have a good capacity to regulate secretion of trace elements such as Zn, Fe, Cu into milk independently of maternal mineral status (Domellhof et al., 2004). So far, only few studies concerned with the nutrient content in mare’s milk (i.e. Gibbs et al., 1982, Schryver et al., 1986, Csapo-Kiss et al., 1995, Csapo et al., 2009) have been published. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal housing and feeding The aim of the experiment was to monitor the mineral content in mare’s colostrum. Four warmblood mares born between 1987 and 1994 were selected for the study. They foaled in February or March. The mares were stabled individually in boxes and they were fed three times per day (25:25:50%) with feed rations formulated from mixture of whole oat (3.5–4 kg), meadow hay (7–9 kg) and mineral feed additives (50 g). The feed rations possessed following average nutritive values: 19.3 MJ.kg−1 of digestible energy (DE), 179.8 g.kg−1 of crude protein (CP) and 378.6 g.kg−1 of crude fi bre (CF). Tab. I shows contents of minerals in feed rations 46 B. Galik, M. Simko, M. Juracek, D. Biro, F. Buňka, D. Misař, S. Kracmar which were formulated according to daily nutrient requirements for lactating mares (NRC, 2007). The ad libitum water intake was provided by automatic feeding pumps. Any health problems or metabolic diseases were observed during the experiment. Samples collection and laboratory analyses Mare’s colostrum was sampled manually 2, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours a er foaling. Average samples were obtained from total daily colostrum production of each mare separately. A er samples collection and relevant treatment to mares’ colostrums by lyophilisation, the contents of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were analysed. Dry matter content of the samples was detected at the temperature of 103 ± 2 °C. Laboratory samples were mineralized using an APION apparatus. The mineralized samples of mare’s colostrum were mixed with 2 ml of HNO3 (HNO3 and distilled water, 1:1). The contents of mineral nutrients were determined by a SPECTRAL AA 30 Varian apparatus (Australia) using graphite cuvettes. The determination of individual elements’ content was based on the absorptions measured at the following wavelengths: Ca content was detected at 422.7 nm, P at 410.0 nm (phosphomolybdate yellow), Mg at 285.2 nm, Na at 589.0 nm, K at 766.5 nm, Zn at 213.9, Cu at 324.7 nm, Fe at 248.3 nm and Mn at 279.5 nm (AOAC, 2000). All results were evaluated using the variation statistics; double-way ANOVA with analysis of variance and t-test were performed at the probability level lower than 0.05. Correlation matrices and regression functions were calculated according to Snedecor and Cochran (1967) using the statistical package SAS (SAS Inc., New York City, U.S.A.). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Changes of macroelement contents in mare’s colostrum throughout the fi rst 72 hours a er foaling are shown in Tab. II. The dry matter content decreased from colostrum to milk transformation. A drop in all macroelements content, especially of Mg and K levels, was detected. Similarly signifi cant (P 0.05) decrease of Ca content was detected since then. Similarly to the other macroelements, phosphorus (P) concentration reached its peak 2 hours post foaling (24.93 g.kg−1 of dry matter).The minimum of P content (13.0 g.kg−1 of dry matter) occurred 36 hours post foaling; these diff erences were signifi cant (P 0.05). The K content in colostrums showed signifi cant changes (P < 0.05). Two hours a er foaling, it reached its peak (80.68 g.kg−1 of dry matter). Later, 36, 48 and I: Average content of the mineral nutrients in the mare’s diet Ca P Mg Na K Zn Cu Fe Mn

Content changes of selected mineral nutrients in mare's colostrums in the first 72 hours after foaling