English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

VLCEK, V., BRTNICKÝ, M., FOUKALOVA, J.: Soil organic matter of Chernozem in the part of Central Europe. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 6, pp. 381–386 In this study, we have tried to evaluate the current contents of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) in the Soil Type Chernozem for Central Europe and to determine the site specifi c level for the Czech Republic. In the past, the observed eff ect of SOM on the Agronomic characteristics in particular yields. Nowadays it means a very important infl uence on the Environment, particularly in the terms of ecological functions of soil (the infl uence of the fi lter function, sanitation function, protection against degradation etc.). The statistical analysis included data for all the Chernozems (N = 141) regardless of subtype derived from measurements from 2003 to 2006. Measurements were carried out at selected locations in the Czech Republic. Profi les at each site were divided into topsoil and subsoil and these were separately statistically processed. When evaluating the frequency distribution, we suppose that the anthropic un-aff ected Soils would be approximately equal to distribution Gauss normal distribution, and both frequency distribution (in topsoil and subsoil) will be similar (mollic horizon in this Soil Type on non-eroded land is relatively deep and homogeneous). Next from of the observed properties is relation between Content of Soil organic Matter and the texture, namely the content of particles smaller than 0.01 mm. The average SOM content is higher in clayey soil, clay-loam soil than in sandy soil. Diff erences between soil sandy-loam and clayeyloam are statistically signifi cant. The paper also outlined the possible future development of SOM on Chernozem soils. soil organic matter, SOM, Chernozem, Central Europe The importance of SOM in the soil has been known for about two centuries and up to the present day it has been considered to be of a quite importance. Among the features of soil, which the SOM content has a particular impact on, we can mention for example soil microfl ora stimulation (followed by an increase in the nutrients use coeffi cient), soil aggregate production, adsorption process in the soil, moisture regime, detoxifi cation of xenobiotics etc. According to Campbell (1978), who orders the impacts of some natural factors on SOM and nitrogen content in the soil, the key factor is the climate (climate>vegetation>relief=parent rock>age). Despite the impact of climate factors, in a number of cases the infl uence of physical and chemical properties of parent substrate can become dominant. In general, speaking of soil of loess and polygenetic loams in lowlands, where chernozem belongs to, there can be noticed a regular decrease in SOM content from Phaeozems and chernozem to Greyzem, minimum in brown soil. SOM is also an important indicator of hydromorfi a (Podlesakova et al., 1982). Apart from an agronomical importance of SOM, recently its importance for the environment has been appreciated with a view to accumulation of carbon and a possibility of its sequestration into the soil (e.g. Středa, Vlcek, Rožnovský, 2008) and also with a view to preservation of ecological 382 V. Vlcek, M. Brtnický, J. Foukalova functions of soil. A claim to keep an adequate level of SOM is being gradually implemented to legislation of particular European countries (Germany) and of European Union as a whole. The claims for”preservation of a level of soil organic components using appropriate practises“, as a part of appropriate agricultural procedures can be found for example in Council Regulation EC 1782/2003 and in Commission Regulation 2199/2003 for newly acceding states. In this piece of work we have tried to evaluate a current soil organic matter content in chernozem for the area of Central Europe and specify its particular level for the area of the Czech Republic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The statistical analysis cover all chernozem (N = 141) regardless the subtype. The measurements were taken in selected sites in the Czech Republic and their results were gathered from 2003 to 2006. The profi les in each site were divided in topsoil and subsoil and these are statistically processed separately. There exist various approaches in defi ning the term of subsoil. As the most adequate we consider the defi nition which emphasizes its importance in plant nutrition and according to which it is a layer of soil as thick as topsoil, i.e. 0.31– 0.60 m. This layer may be or is important in terms of providing nutrient intake by a plant (Bedrna et. al., 1989; Bujnovský, 1993). At the soil sampling the probes were selected and excavated according to pedological maps 1:5 000 from Soil Survey (1961–1970). The probes in terrain were focused by GPS-Garmin eTrex with an error of approximately 10 m. As far as the samples standardly processed concerns Cox content analysis were made by indicator titration according to Walkley-Black‘s method with Novak and Pelisek‘s modifi cation and were followed by a conversion into SOM content (coeffi cient 1.724). To evaluate the SOM content descriptive statistics is used (mean, standard error of the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, kurtosis, skewness, max. and min. for confi dence level 95 %). Then the values were associated to classes and the frequency histogram was created. It was converted into Excel scatter chart with smooth lines joining (Orwis, W. J., 1996). To compare the average contents in topsoil and subsoil t-test (anova-test) was used. Regarding Chernozem soil character it is possible in anthropogenicly little aff ected soil to assume similar characteristics in both layers in most cases in Mollic horizons (i.e. histogram of frequency would be similar in topsoil and subsoil and it would be approaching Gaussian normal distribution). Skewness/kurtosis evaluation: