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LAŠTŮVKA, Z., LAŠTŮVKA, A.: Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäff er) new to the Czech Republic and to Spain (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2008, LVI, No. 5, pp. 141–146 Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäff er, 1846) has been found in the Czech Republic and in Spain for the fi rst time. The species was found in the south-easternmost part of the Czech Republic, near the town of Břeclav (faunistic quadrat 7267) in May 2008. The holes and pupae were found only in one, solitary growing group of trees about 20 years old. This fi nding place lies at a distance of more than 250 km from the localities in SW Hungary and about 550 km from the localities in eastern Poland. In June 2008, the species was found also in alders growing in the fl at river alluvium on gravel sands between La Jonquera and Figueres in northern Catalonia. This locality is in a close contact with the fi nding places near Perpignan and Beziers in southern France. The diagnostic morphological characters and bionomics of this species are briefl y summarized and fi gured. The history of its distribution research is recapitulated and the causes of its disjunct range are discussed as follows. The present disjunct range represents a residual of the former distribution over the warmer and moister postglacial period; landscape modifi cations and elimination of solitary alder trees as „weeds“ from the 18th up to the mid-20th century in large areas of Europe; narrow and partly unknown habitat requirements and specifi c population ethology; an insuffi cient level of faunistic investigations in several parts of southern and eastern Europe. Sesiidae, Synanthedon mesiaeformis, Czech Republic, Spain The species of the genus Synanthedon Hübner, [1819] usually show continuous distribution, accompanying their host plant in most cases (cf., e.g. Špatenka et al., 1999, Laštůvka & Laštůvka, 2001). Among the European species, Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäff er, 1846) is a rare exception. It shows very disjunct distribution yet its host plant is more or less widespread, and symptoms of its presence are quite characteristic and relatively conspicuous. We could fi nd this species newly in the Czech Republic and subsequently in Spain in 2008. Hereunder, we describe and comment on this important fi ndings, supply a concise morphological and biological characters, and recapitulate its research history in Europe. Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäff er, 1846) Material: Czechia, Moravia, Břeclav – Soutok (7267), 11. and 14.v.2008, pupae in trunks of Alnus glutinosa, 18.–30.v.2008, 5 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ ex pupa, A. & Z. Laštůvka lgt., coll. Z. Laštůvka; other material under study: Poland, Macoszyn, 10.vii.1994, 1 ♂ ex l. (larva 2.vi.1994), M. Bąkowski lgt., coll. Z. Laštůvka; Hungary, Barcs, Darány, 10.vii.1992, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ex l. (larvae 13.v.1992), 30.v.1993, 1 ♂ ex l. (larva 13.v.1993), Nagyatád, 29.v.1993, 2 ♀♀ ex p., 30 km E Na gyka niz sa, Báhönye, 30.v.1993, 1 ♀ ex l. (larva 13.v.1993), all D. Hamborg lgt., coll. Z. Laštůvka; Bulgaria, Jasna Poljana, 20.–30.vi.1984, 1 ♀ ex p., Primorsko, 18.–28.vi.1984, 1 ♂ ex p., Mičurin, 18.–28.vi.1984, 1 ♂ ex p., all A. & Z. Laštůvka lgt., coll. Z. Laštůvka; Greece, Stomio, 8.vi.1999, 1 ♂, 9.vi.1999, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 10.vi.1999, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, and 1 ♀ ex p. (pupa 25.v.1999), all A. & Z. Laštůvka lgt., coll. Z. Laštůvka. Diagnostic characters. Wingspan 19–31 mm; antenna whitish yellow distally; eye with white border – without white border in Synanthedon spheciformis (Denis & Schiff ermüller, 1775); deep yellow rings on 2nd and 4th abdominal segments; ring on 4th segment distinctly broader, but there are diff erences between individual populations – narrow yellow rings on 2nd and 4th segments in Synanthedon scoliaeformis 142 Z. Laštůvka, A. Laštůvka (Borkhausen, 1789) and only very narrow, whitish yellow ring on 2nd segment in S. spheciformis; anal tu black (rusty in S. scoliaeformis); hind tibia orange with black ring distally (partly yellow in S. scoliaeformis and black in S. spheciformis, Figs 1–3 a, 7). Diff erences in male genitalia of the related species are especially in the shape of the crista sacculi on valva and in the apical end of aedeagus. These characters are useful in the determination of material from pheromon traps (Figs 1–3 b). Detailed morphological descriptions have been published by many authors, e. g. Popescu-Gorj et al. (1958), Fibiger & Kristensen (1974), de Freina (1997), Špatenka et al. (1999), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (2001). Important diagnostic characters have been mentioned already by classic authors, as by Bartel (1912), including the original description by HerrichSchäff er (1846). Faithfull colour fi gures of adults are given by Herrich-Schäff er (1846), Spuler (1910), Bartel (1912), Fibiger & Kristensen (1974), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1995, 2001), de Freina (1997), and Špatenka et al. (1999). Both male and female genitalia are fi gured in the last fi ve publications mentioned. Bionomics (Figs 4–6). Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. has been mentioned as the host plant by Bartel (1912), and the bionomics of this species has been described by a number of authors, e. g. Popescu-Gorj et al. (1958), Saramo (1973), Fibiger & Kristensen (1974), Laštůvka & Laštůvka (1995, 2001), de Freina (1997), and Špatenka et al. (1999). The larva develops in somewhat winding, fl at tunnels between the bark and the wood, 6–8 cm in length, mainly in old trees, similarly as in Synanthedon scoliaeformis. The larvae have been found up to 3 m above ground level, but higher parts of trunks had not probably been examined. The larva pupates in a dense cocoon in the bark. The de ve lop ment is biennial according to most authors, de Freina (1997) gives a three-year cycle for northern Europe. The adults are on wing from the second half of May up to the end of July. The species prefers solitary trees on meadows, in parks, along streams and communications; it rarely occurs in dense forests if the latter are closer to more suitable habitats. Distribution (Fig. 9). The species was described by Herrich-Schäff er (1846) from southern Russia without giving any concrete locality (the type material was deposited in the ZMHB, cf. Špatenka & Laštůvka, 1988). Additional known localities have increased very slowly, in contrast to other Synanthedon species. Staudinger & Rebel (1901) give Sarepta [Volgograd surroundings, S European Russia] and SE Hungary (probably the present SW Romania, Banat, mentioned by Abafi -Aigner et al., 1896) up to the end of the 19th century. Bartel (1912) added Herzegovina, which could mean the locality Konjica, later precised by Popescu-Gorj et al. (1958). Pazsicky (1941) found the species in the 1930s in SW Hungary, where it was later repeatedly collected in several localities (Kaposvár, Darány, Na gya tád, cf. e.g. Laštůvka, 1990, Fazekas, 2004, D. Hamborg, pers. comm.). Subsequently, it was revealed on the southern coast of Finland (Nord man, 1945) where it was studied by later authors who described in detail its habitat and bionomics (Saramo, 1973, Vuola & Korpela, 1977). The occurrence in Romania was confi rmed by the record from Buzau in 1952 (Popescu-Gorj et al., 1958). In 1970, the species was recorded in Lithuania (Šulcs et al., 1981) where it has recently been documented in nu me rous localities in the southern part of the country by means of sexual attractants (Karalius & Búda, 2006 a, b). In 1974, it was found on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria (Engelhard, 1975) where it was repeatedly collected in 1982–1984 (own records) as well as in several localities along the coast (Primorsko, Mičurin, Achtopol) and in the Bulgarian inland (Sandanski). In 1988, it was recorded in one locality in Serbia (Ljig) by I. Toševski (pers. comm.). In 1990, it was found in the easternmost part of Poland and later collected in more localities a er a detailed research (Buszko & Hołowiński, 1994, Bąkowski & Hołowiński, 1997, Bąkowski, pers. comm.). We observed the holes in alder trunks in Macedonia (Strumica – Dobrošinci) in 1998 and a heavy infestation of the host trees in Greece (Stomio) in 1999. The species was also recorded in S France, in two close localities N of Beziers (Vénéroux, D. Baumgarten lgt., and Villemagne-l ́Argenière, E. Bettag, D. Bartsch & R. Bläsius lgt.), NW of Nimes (Anduze, D. Bartsch lgt.) during the 1990s, and near Perpignan in 2008 (own record). K. Špatenka found it in NW Anatolia in that time (Špatenka et al., 1999, K. Špatenka, pers. comm.). Finally, we could fi nd the holes and exuviae of this species in alders growing in the river alluvium on gravel sands between La Jonquera and Figueres in northern Catalonia in June 2008 as new for Spain. The trees grow along the stream here, but the valley is fl at and the lower parts of trunks are clear, without bushes or herbaceous plants. This locality is in a close contact with the fi nding places near Perpignan and Beziers in southern France. The above records are well documented but there are several other li te ra tu re statements, either lacking concrete data on localities or collection documentation (Estonia, Ukraine, Siberia, cf., e.g. Bartel, 1912, Heidemaa & Kesküla, 1992). Even if the data on the distribution of this species increased distinctly in the past two decades the known range is still very disjunct. There are four both objective and subjective possible causes: 1) The present disjunct range represents a residual of the former distribution over the warmer and moister postglacial period; 2) Landscape modifi cations and elimination of solitary alder trees as „weeds“ from the 18th up to the mid-20th century in large areas of Europe; 3) Species specifi c and partly unknown habitat preferences and specifi c population ethology; 4) An insuffi cient level of faunistic investigations in several parts of southern and eastern Europe. Occurrence in the Czech Republic. The species was recorded in the south-easternmost part of the Czech Republi

Synanthedon mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer) new to the Czech Republic and to Spain (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)