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CZERNIAWSKA-PIĄTKOWSKA, E., SZEWCZUK, M., KAMIENIECKI, H., ADAMSKI, M, BRUŚ, A., FALTA, D.: The comparison of dairy performance and some reproductive parameters of holstein cows imported from Sweden and their Polish age mates. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2007, LV, No. 1, pp. 39–44 The general aim of the present work was to compare dairy performance and some reproductive parameters of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows imported from Sweden as an in-calf heifers, and their age mates in Poland. The animals were kept freely on the deep litter on the farm owned by Agro-company “Witkowo” and feeding was based on TMR (total mixed ration) system during whole year. All ration’s ingredients (bulky feed, concentrate, miscellaneous additives) were mixed and fed as all-mash. The feed ration depended from the physiological condition of a cow and it was composed of corn and grass ensilage, mash concentrate, crushed corn meal, brewer’s grains and beet pulp. Cows imported from Sweden as in-calf heifers obtained higher milk, fat and protein yield in both lactations comparing to home cows. Signifi cant statistical differences were observed for kg of milk, kg of protein, for FCM (P<0.01) and for kg of fat (P<0.05) in 2nd lactation. Fat and protein content in milk was in average higher for home cows (P<0.01). Big differences (P<0.01) were observed in SBT (proportion of protein to fat content) and RTB (difference between concentration of fat and protein) at imported cows in 2nd lactation. As far as reproduction parameters (gestation interval, calving interval, insemination index) are concerned was cows from Sweden better too. Heifers from Sweden calved earlier. The usage of high genetic potential of imported cows is possible only with providing them optimum living conditions suitable to their needs. import, cows, Holstein (HF), milk yield The artifi cial insemination of cows and heifers with the semen from Holstein-Friesian bulls has been used in Poland on a large scale since the second half of the 80 ́s. It has lead to cardinal changes in Polish population of black-white cattle. Nowadays, almost 90% of tested black-white heifer cows in Poland are hf crossbreeds, and half of them possess over 50% of HF genes. The improvement of home cattle has had an infl uence on animals body conformation and their milk yield, what in consequence is leading to the transformation of this population into unilateral dairy type (LITWIŃCZUK and GULIŃSKI, 2000). PILARCZYK et al. (2004) suggest that the import of HF heifers with the highest genetic potential is a quicker method to improve dairy yield. In a shorter period of time, providing good management and feeding conditions, we can obtain intended effects. The new milk quotes system, which was put into 40 E. Czerniawska-Piątkowska, M. Szewczuk, H. Kamieniecki, M. Adamski, A. Bruś, D. Falta execution on April 1, 2004, demands from the cattle breeders to take efforts leading to the increase of milk production by the rise in individual milk yield (crossbreeding of home cattle with hf cattle) and by the increase of foundation stock size (import of replacement heifers from EU countries) (KUCZAJ, 2004). Nowadays, cattle breeders from all countries share the opinion that genetic potential has bigger impact on dairy yield than feeding and management (DYMNICKI et al., 2003; KUČERA et al., 2002). MATERIALS AND METHODS The purpose of the research was to compare the diary performance with some of the reproduction parameters of Holstein-Friesian cows imported from Sweden as in-calf heifers with their age mates in Poland. The research was conducted on two groups of heifer cows. Group I – Holstein-Friesian cows imported from Sweden in April and May 2002 (100 animals). Group II – home cows with 100% of HF genes (100 animals). The animals were kept freely on the deep litter on the farm owned by Agro-company “Witkowo”. The removal of manure was performed once in two months with the use of the frontal manure loaders TUR type. The fodder was given three times an day using mash trolley Kverneland KD 714 (capacity 3.5 tons). Cows had a constant access to water using the automatic drinkers. Heifer’s feeding was based on TMR (total mixed ration) system during a whole year. All ration’s ingredients (bulky feed, concentrate, miscellaneous additives) were mixed and fed as all-mash. The feed ration depended from the physiological condition of a cow and it was composed of corn and grass ensilage, mash concentrate, crushed corn meal, brewer’s grains and beet pulp. The automatic milking was performed in ALPRO system, and cows were milked three times a day. The comparative analyses of milk yield was based on A4 method of offi cial dairy performance assessment, including the milk, fat and proteins yield (in kg) and their percentage content in milk. The differences between those components were also determined (RTB – difference between concentration of fat and proteins, SBT – proportion of protein to fat content). To compare the results of the research from two consecutive 305-days lactations, the standard yield of milk with 4% of fat content was counted (FCM – fat corrected milk). Some reproduction parameters like calving interval (CI), gestation interval (GI), artifi cial insemination index (AII) and age at fi rst calving were also analyzed. The data were subject to statistical analysis and the mean values ( ⎯x), standard deviation (sx) and coeffi cient of variation (V%) were calculated. The signifi cance of differences between means of the groups was defi ned by Duncan’s test with the use of Statistica PL software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table I presents the comparison of milk, fat and protein yield of animals imported from Sweden and home cows in the fi rst and the second lactation. Imported cows in the fi rst lactation obtained 5 926 kg of milk, 238 kg of fat and 186 kg of protein, and in the second lactation 7 917 kg, 301 kg and 252 kg, respectively. That means that in the fi rst, as well as in the second lactation imported cows had better yield than home cows. However, the difference in Swedish cows favour decreased after FCM calculation and was 184 kg in the fi rst and 750 kg in the second lactation. The difference between milk yields was smaller for home cows. The milk yield advantage of home cattle in second lactation was 1 253 kg while for imported cows 1 991 kg. The difference between fat and protein yield in 1st and 2nd lactation was as follows: imported cows – 63 kg of fat and 66 kg of protein, home cows – 45 kg and 39 kg, respectively. Signifi cant statistical differences were observed for kg of milk, for kg of protein, for FCM (P<0.01) and for kg of fat (P<0.05) in 2nd lactation. Table I also showed that estimation coeffi cients for relationships between 1st and 2nd lactation was 1.33 for Sweden (group I) cows and 1.22 for home (group II) cows. This founds for home cows are similar with than that published CHLÁDEK and KUČERA (2002 a) for Holstein cows (1.175) or CHLÁDEK and KUČERA (2002 b) for Czech Pied cows (1.171). In opposite founds for Sweden cows are rather high. CZERNIAWSKA-PIĄTKOWSKA (2004) found out, that mother cows from Sweden exceed their daughters imported to Poland in yield of milk (of about 2 415 kg), fat (86 kg) and protein (87 kg). KUCZAJ and BLICHARSKI (2001) reported that cows imported from Holland to Poland exceed their mothers in yield of milk (505 kg), fat (26.4 kg) and protein (8.7 kg). In the 1st lactation they gained 7 795 kg of milk, 342 kg of fat and 260 kg of protein. However PILARCZYK et al. (2004) stated that Dutch mother cows exceeded their daughters imported to Poland in yield of milk by 1 986 kg, fat 88.5 kg, and protein 65.2 kg. Those differences were statistically confi rmed (P<0,01). Cowsdaughters in fi rst lactation gained 5 463 kg of milk, 237 kg of fat, and 193 kg of protein. SABLIK et al. (2001) revealed that cows imported from France showed in following four lactations higher milk, fat, and protein yield comparing to home cows. In the study of GNYP et al. (2001) home cows and cows imported from Holland, comparing to cows imported from Germany and France, gained higher yield of milk and its components in 1st and 2nd lactation. The growth of milk yield in 2nd lactation comparing The comparison of dairy performance and some reproductive parameters of holstein cows 41 to the 1st one in home cows and these imported from Holland increased from 20 to 21%. In the research of KUCZAJ (2002) cows imported from Holland, which were kept in the same conditions as Polish age mates black and red-white, gained in 1st lactation less milk (8 214 kg), but fat yield was higher (424 kg) and a little bit higher protein yield (271 kg). I: Milk, fat and protein yield in fi rst and second 305 days lactation in cows from Sweden (Group I) and home cows (Group II) Group Statistics 1st Lactation – Yield (kg) 2nd Lactation – Yield (kg) Milk Fat Protein FCM Milk Fat Protein FCM I ⎯x 5926 238 186 5941 7917 A 301a 252 A 7683 A sx 1008.22 40.20 31.56 982.95 1731.01 69.81 52.77 1701.44 V% 17.01 16.89 16.90 16.54 21.86 23.18 20.91 22.14 II ⎯x 5658 232 183 5757 6911 A 277a 222 A 6933 A sx 1244.63 50.97 36.66 1216.85 1508.23 58.87 44.63 1425.93 V% 22.00 21.88 19.95 21.13 21.82 21.18 20.03 20.57 A... upper case letters within columns denote differences signifi cant at P ≤ 0.01 a... lower case letters within columns denote differences signifi cant at P ≤ 0.05 Table II presents the percentage of fat content in 1st and 2nd lactation (duration 305 days) and relations between milk components. The average percentage of fat (4.17%) and protein (3.26%) content in 1st and the 2nd lactation (3.99% and 3.21%, respectively) was higher for home cows comparing to imported cows. Signifi cant differences were proved (P<0.01) excluding protein content in 2nd lactation. In 2nd lactation cows from Sweden obtained better protein to fat proportion (SBT) in milk by 0.04 and differences between the percentage of fat and protein c