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CERMaK, P., GRUNDMANN, P.: Effects of browsing on the condition and development of regeneration of trees in the region of Rýchory (KRNAP). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2006, LIV, No. 1, pp. 7–14 In the region of Rýchory (KRNAP – the Krkonose National Park), effects of roe deer and red deer browsing on the condition and development and natural and artificial regeneration of stands was studied in 2003–2004. Winter and summer browsing were observed in 14 couples of plots (always one with mechanical protection, the second without the protection) and in one control couple in a wintering preserve for red deer. In both years, winter browsing predominated in the region and thus, it is possible to suppose that roe deer was the main browser. As for natural regeneration, silver fir (26% in winter 2003), rowan (36% in winter 2003) and sycamore maple (26% in winter 2004) were the most damaged species. In artificial regeneration, silver fir damage predominated (68% in winter 2003). In the wintering game preserve with the high winter concentration of red deer, damage to all trees exceeded 40% and heavy damage showed also species slightly damaged out of the preserve such as spruce (63%) and beech (75%). Artificial regeneration was damaged more markedly than natural regeneration in all terms of monitoring. The percentage of browsing damage increased with the distance of the additional feeding device. browsing, red deer, roe deer, natural regeneration, artificial regeneration Browning is an important limiting factor of the successful growth of broadleaved and coniferous species. The CR Ministry of Agriculture had the extent of game damage prepared in 2000 on the whole territory of the Czech Republic. The study was the follow-up of monitoring carried out in 1995. Based on the comparison of both studies the marked increase of browsing damage to young forest plantations is evident, above all to tree tops but also lateral shoots. In the category of any damage, on average 39.8% trees were damaged by game in forest plantations. New or repeated damage was found on average in 22.4% trees (CERNÝ et al., 2002). The aim of nature conservation in protected regions (particularly in large-area regions where communities are the subject of protection/conservation) is close-to-nature or natural forest with marked spatial differentiation, genetically autochthonous or at least valuable stands and the maximum use of natural processes. Natural regeneration is inevitable part of forest dynamics not only on the ground of requirements of natural communities. Adaptation processes occurring in the stage of the highest species, numerical and thus also genetic diversity during natural regeneration are important part of the forest ecosystem resilience. from the viewpoint of the growth of trees, their number and species structure effects of browsing on the development of natural regeneration was demonstrated on the number of actual areas including especially protected areas (eg CERMaK & MRKVA, 2003a). The aim of the presented paper is to document the condition of this effect on the important re8 P. Cermak, P. Grundmann gion of KRNAP, ie a region one of the protection priorities of which is just the conservation of valuable forest stands. The region of Rýchory was also chosen because it made possible to compare natural regeneration with artificial regeneration (underplanting and additional planting) and also to compare ordinary plots in free hunting grounds with intensive effects of game in a wintering preserve. MATERIAL AND METhODS The area under investigation occurs in the easternmost part of the Krkonose Mts (Giant Mts) forming a separate mountain range between Horni Marsov, Žacleř and Svoboda nad Upou at an altitude of 450–1033 m. Research plots were situated in central and upper parts of slopes at an altitude of 650–880 m. The area is part of forest District Svoboda nad Upou, management-plan area Marsov, superior organization unit the Krkonose National Park Direction. The area is included into the MS Babi hunting ground and results of game management are given in Tab. I. There is a wintering game preserve for red deer as part of the network of the KRNAP game preserves. The major part of red deer population of the Babi hunting ground were in the preserve in winter. Trees were not protected from browsing although this measure is considered to be inevitable for wintering game preserves (PINTIŘ & TUMA, 2003). Of course, thanks to the measure this game preserve could be used as a control plot to determine impacts of the high concentration of game. In the winter period, game is daily fed in the preserve. In the 2003–2004 winter season, 18 q of hays, 15 q of haylage, 10 q of grain feed and 65 q of other feed were consumed in the wintering game preserve. Additional feeding is also carried out in feed troughs out of the preserve. I: Results of game management in 2004 2004 roe deer red deer roebuck roe-doe roe kid total deer doe fawn total NJKS 30 30 19 79 7 7 4 18 Enumeration 38 31 22 91 15 10 7 32 Hunting plan 19 12 15 46 5 7 6 18 Hunted down 19 5 11 35 5 3 9 17