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SEFROVa, H.: Introduced and invasive insect species in the Czech Republic and their economic and ecological impact (Insecta). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2005, LIII, No. 5, pp. 151–158 A total of 383 alien insect species were registered in the Czech Republic, which represents 1.4% of local fauna. The most numerous taxonomic groups are Homoptera (116 species, 30.3%), Coleoptera (110; 28.7%) and Lepidoptera (37; 9.7%). The occurrence of 200 species (52.2%) are limited to closed heated spaces, casual aliens (28; 7.3%) infiltrate the outdoor environment for a short term only, 36 (9.4%) naturalized non-invasive species do not spread from the location of introduction, 50 (13.1%) species are post-invasive and 69 (18.0%) invasive. From the species registered, 61 (15.9%) are stored product pests (especially Coleoptera 36 species, Psocoptera 11, and Lepidoptera 9), 50 (13.1%) are plant pests indoors (especially Coccinea 33 species, Aphidinea 7, and Thysanoptera 6), 25 (i.e. 6.5% of aliens) are pests in agriculture, forestry, and in ornamental cultures, 15 species (3.9%) are important animal parasites, and 5 species (1.3%) can affect biodiversity. Of the remaining 227 species (59.3%), no economic or ecological effects were found. The origin of most of the species living eusynanthropically is in the tropics and subtropics; of the 155 naturalized (non-invasive, post-invasive, and invasive) species, 42 (27.1%) originate from the Mediterranean, 36 (23.2%) from North America, 28 (18.1%) from Central to Southwest Asia, 14 (9.0%) from East Asia, 13 (8.4%) from South and Southeast Asia, with the remaining 22 species (14.2%) coming from other areas. alien insect species, Czech Republic, composition, origin, impact Rocnik LIII 17 Cislo 5, 2005 151 The introduced and especially invasive insect species have substantial economic or ecological impact in many cases (cf. e.g. PIMENTEL, 2002; KOWARIK, 2003). Those species originating in warmer areas are harmful to greenhouse and house plants, and as storage and domestic pests. The species which can reproduce outdoors, especially those which can spread in their new location, are often harmful to ornamental plants, agricultural crops, and forest woods. Some of them infiltrate semi-natural and natural communities and can interfere in the existing interspecific relationships and in biodiversity. The start of the introductions of non-native organisms can be dated back to the times of the origin and spread of the oldest human civilisations. For the Czech Republic, this means about 6500 years ago. Due to the sharp increase in travel and the transport of the most varied materials in the 20th century, the danger of undesirable species is growing dramatically. For this reason, the problem is of global and correspondingly local interest. Most of the insect alien species are not documented until they reach a certain population density or until they cause the initial damage. If specific attention is not given to the actual control of imported materials