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ČERMáK, P., MALÍK, J.: Rot caused by Stereum sanguinolentum and its spread through the Norway spruce stem in the LHC Obrova noha management-plan area. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2005, LIII, No. 5, pp. 15–20 In the LHC Obrova noha management-plan area (Municipal Forests Prostějov), peeling and browsing damage to spruce (Picea abies) caused by red deer was monitored. In total, 20 plots of an area of 25 × 25 m were monitored in stands aged 26–65 years. On the whole, 56% of 1561 trees were damaged by peeling and browsing, 82% of the damaged trees were attacked by Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schw.: Fr.) Fr. Trees in the 3rd age class affected by rot show the highest proportion, viz 92% trees damaged by peeling. In the plots, in total 90 sample trees with the presence of rot were cut down. Peeling damage happened 6 to 41 years ago. The rot affected 10 to 94% of the sample tree stem volume (on average 39%). The volume of devalued wood is in positive correlation with a time elapsed after peeling damage (r = 0.683). The rot spread vertically through the tree stem by an average speed of 10.5 cm.year– 1 (from 1.3 to 28.1 cm.year–1). The progress rate negatively correlated with a period elapsed after the stem damage (r = –0.723). peeling and browsing, Stereum sanguinolentum, LHC Obrova noha management-plan area, spread of rot Ročník LIII 2 Číslo 5, 2005 15 Spruce stands in the Czech Republic are stressed by a number of stressors for a long time. Their ecological stability decreases and the proportion of salvage felling increases. Damage to trees by peeling and browsing appears to be one of the basic factors participating in the present condition of spruce stands. During the nation-wide inventory in 1999, in total 220 thousand ha of the reduced area of damaged stands were found (BALEK, 2001). Stands attacked by rot demonstrate lower mechanical stability (VICENA, 2001) and can be also more frequently attacked by other biotic pests (PFEFFER et al., 1961; KULA, ZABECKI, 1999; ČERNÝ, 2000, 2001). Under standard conditions, Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schw.: Fr.) Fr. is rather a saprophyte occurring on decaying wood. However, in case of any bark injury it penetrates into the tree stem where the rot develops rather rapidly. Final results of the rot are particularly related to the speed of its spread and the extent of its occurrence in the stem. Thus, more detailed knowledge on regularities of its spread can contribute to the more accurate economic assessment of damage and total impacts. In the Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology in Brno, problems of rot caused by Stereum san16 P. Čermák, J. Malík guinolentum are dealt with for a long time. In recent years, extensive surveys were carried out in several regions, viz the Beskids (ČERMáK et al., 2004a), Training Forest Enterprise “Masaryk Forest” Křtiny (ČERMáK et al., 2004a), the Žďárské vrchy Hills (ČERMáK, STREJČEK, unpublished.). Monitoring the damage implemented in 2004–2005 in the LHC Obrova noha management-plan area is a follow-up of the surveys. MATERIAL AND METHODS The area belongs to the Drahanská vrchovina Upland natural forest region, subregion the Konická vrchovina Upland. The 3rd oak/beech vegetation zone predominates, the 2nd beech/oak vegetation zone is less represented. In the species composition, Norway spruce predominates. As for broadleaved species, beech and oak show the highest proportion. The studied region is characterized by some facts which have to be described in more detail. Thanks to the extent of the forest estate (788 ha) standard stocks of red deer causing peeling damages are not set. Moreover, the game occurs in the area mainly only in winter or from December to the end of May to June. Present average annual shooting is 8–10 red deer. On the basis of preliminary monitoring, representative plots were placed in the region for detailed monitoring. These plots of an area of 25 × 25 m were situated in spruce stands aged 26–65 years. In total, 20 representative plots were selected (7 in stands of the 2nd age class, 7 in the 3rd and 6 in the 4th age class). In each of the plots, spruce trees were classified into the following categories: healthy tree, damaged tree and damaged tree with rot (distinguished: open wounds, oozy occluded wounds, wounds of a large extent). In total, 1561 trees were examined. In selected plots, sample trees were marked with mensurational quantities approaching the values of a mean stem. In each of the plots, it was 3–6 sample trees (according to the stand age and the number of suitable trees) which were felled and subsequently examined in detail. In total, it referred to 90 sample trees. The sample trees were measured (total length in cm, diameter in mid-length in cm, the distance of a wound caused by peeling from the stem foot in cm) and then shortened to one-metre sections until the Stereum sanguinolentum rot was evident at the end of a section. If the rot was not evident at the end of the section at all, the section was shortened any farther the height of the rot rise in the stem to be determined as precisely as possible (from the upper edge of a wound). Volumes of sections, volumes of healthy wood and rot in the sections were calculated from determined parameters (by Smalian’s or Huber’s formula). The percentage loss of wood was determined (the proportion of the stem part with the presence of rot of the total sample tree volume). In the place of a wound, the time was determined which elapsed from the time of the origin of peeling injury (the number of undamaged annual rings). The rate of the rot progress in cm.year–1 was determined as the height of the rot rise divided by the number of years elapsed from the year of the damage origin. In determining the rate of progress of S. sanguinolentum it was not taken into account that the infection did not have to occur in the year of the stem damage by peeling or browsing but only in following years. Actually, it is not possible to determine the year of infection retrospectively.