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We model the potentially observable populations of normal and millisecond radio pulsars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) where the known population currently stands at 19 normal radio pulsars. Taking into account the detection thresholds of previous surveys, and assuming optimal period and luminosity distributions based on studies of Galactic pulsars, we estimate that there are  (1.79 ± 0.20) × 10 4   and  (1.09 ± 0.16) × 10 4   normal pulsars in the LMC and SMC, respectively. When we attempt to correct for beaming effects, and the fraction of high‐velocity pulsars which escape the clouds, we estimate birth rates in both the LMC and SMC to be comparable and in the range of 0.5–1 pulsars per century. Although higher than estimates for the rate of core‐collapse supernovae in the clouds, these pulsar birth rates are consistent with historical supernova observations in the past 300 yr. A substantial population of active radio pulsars (of the order of a few hundred thousand) has escaped the LMC and SMC and populates the local intergalactic medium. For the millisecond pulsar (MSP) population, the lack of any detections from current surveys leads to respective upper limits (at the 95 per cent confidence level) of 15 000 for the LMC and 23 000 for the SMC. Several MSPs could be detected by a currently ongoing survey of the SMC with improved time and frequency resolution using the Parkes multibeam system. Giant‐pulse emitting neutron stars could also be seen by this survey.

New limits on the population of normal and millisecond pulsars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds