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Observations of transient phenomena in the Universe reveal a spectrum of mass‐ejection properties associated with massive stars, covering from Type II/Ib/Ic core‐collapse supernovae (SNe) to giant eruptions of luminous blue variables (LBV) and optical transients. In this work, we hypothesize that a large fraction of these phenomena may have an explosive origin, the distinguishing ingredient being the ratio of the prompt energy release  E  dep  to the envelope binding energy  E  binding . Using one‐dimensional one‐group radiation hydrodynamics and a set of  10 –25  M ⊙   massive‐star models, we explore the dynamical response of a stellar envelope subject to a strong, sudden and deeply rooted energy release. Following energy deposition, a shock  systematically  forms, crosses the progenitor envelope on a time‐scale of a day and breaks out with a signal of a duration of hours to days and a  10 5 –10 11   L ⊙   luminosity. We identify three different regimes, corresponding to a transition from dynamic to quasi‐static diffusion transport. For   E  dep  &gt;  E  binding  , full envelope ejection results with an SN‐like bolometric luminosity and kinetic energy, modulations being commensurate to the energy deposited and echoing the diversity of Type II‐Plateau SNe. For   E  dep ∼ E  binding  , partial envelope ejection results with a small expansion speed and a more modest but year‐long luminosity plateau, reminiscent of LBV eruptions or so‐called SN impostors. For   E  dep  &lt;  E  binding  , we obtain a ‘puffed‐up’ star, secularly relaxing back to thermal equilibrium. In parallel with gravitational collapse and Type II SNe, we argue that thermonuclear combustion, for example of as little as a few  0.01  M ⊙   of C/O, could power a wide range of explosions/eruptions. Besides massive stars close to the Eddington limit and/or critical rotation,  8 –12  M ⊙   red supergiants, which are amongst the least bound of all stars, represent attractive candidates for transient phenomena.

Shock‐heating of stellar envelopes: a possible common mechanism at the origin of explosions and eruptions in massive stars