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We present a 1200‐μm image of the Great Observatories Origin Deep Survey North (GOODS‐N) field, obtained with the Max Planck Millimetre Bolometer array (MAMBO) on the IRAM 30‐m telescope. The survey covers a contiguous area of 287 arcmin 2  to a near‐uniform noise level of  ∼0.7 mJy beam −1  . After Bayesian flux deboosting, a total of 30 sources are recovered (≥3.5σ). An optimal combination of our 1200‐μm data and an existing 850‐μm image from the Submillimetre Common‐User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) yielded 33 sources (≥4σ). We combine our GOODS‐N sample with those obtained in the Lockman Hole and ELAIS N2 fields (Scott et al. 2002; Greve et al. 2004) in order to explore the degree of overlap between 1200‐ and 850‐μm‐selected galaxies (hereafter SMGs), finding no significant difference between their   S  850 μm / S  1200 μm   distributions. However, a noise‐weighted stacking analysis yields a significant detection of the 1200‐μm‐blank SCUBA sources,   S  850 μm / S  1200 μm = 3.8 ± 0.4 , whereas no significant 850‐μm signal is found for the 850‐μm‐blank MAMBO sources  ( S  850 μm / S  1200 μm = 0.7 ± 0.3) . The hypothesis that the   S  850 μm / S  1200 μm   distribution of SCUBA sources is also representative of the MAMBO population is rejected at the ∼4σ level, via Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore, although the populations overlap, galaxies selected at 850 and 1200 μm are different, and there is compelling evidence for a significant 1200‐μm‐detected population which is not recovered at 850 μm. These are submillimetre dropouts (SDOs), with   S  850 μm / S  1200 μm = 0.7–1.7 , requiring very cold dust or unusual spectral energy distributions  ( T  d ≃ 10 K; β≃ 1) , unless SDOs reside beyond the redshift range observed for radio‐identified SMGs, i.e. at   z  &gt; 4 .

A 1200‐μm MAMBO survey of the GOODS‐N field: a significant population of submillimetre dropout galaxies