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In an effort to probe the globular cluster (GC) system of an isolated elliptical galaxy, a comprehensive analysis of the NGC 821 GC system was performed. New imaging from the WIYN Mini‐Mosaic imager, supplemented with  Hubble Space Telescope  ( HST ) WFPC2 images reveals a GC system similar to those found in counterpart ellipticals located in high‐density environments. To put these results into the context of galaxy formation, a robustly determined census of GC systems is presented and analysed for galaxies spanning a wide range of masses (&gt;  M  * ), morphologies and environments.  Results from this meta‐study: (1) confirm previous findings that the number of GCs normalized by host galaxy  stellar mass  increases with host stellar mass. Spiral galaxies in the sample show smaller relative GC numbers than those of massive ellipticals, suggesting the GC systems of massive ellipticals were not formed from major spiral–spiral mergers; (2) indicate that GC system numbers per unit galaxy  baryon mass  increases with host baryon mass and that  GC formation efficiency may not be universal  as previously thought; (3) suggest previously reported trends with environment may be incorrect due to sample bias or the use of galaxy stellar masses to normalize GC numbers. Thus claims for environmentally dependent GC formation efficiencies should be revisited; (4) in combination with weak‐lensing halo mass estimates, suggest that GCs formed in direct proportion to the halo mass; (5) are consistent with theoretical predictions whereby the local epoch of reionization did not vary significantly with environment or host galaxy type.

The connection between globular cluster systems and their host galaxy and environment: a case study of the isolated elliptical NGC 821 ★