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We report the discovery of a new hysteresis effect in black hole X‐ray binary state transitions, that of the near‐infrared (NIR) flux (which most likely originates in the jets) versus X‐ray flux. We find, looking at existing data sets, that the IR emission of black hole X‐ray transients appears to be weaker in the low/hard state rise of an outburst than the low/hard state decline of an outburst at a given X‐ray luminosity. We discuss how this effect may be caused by a shift in the radiative efficiency of the inflowing or outflowing matter, or variations in the disc viscosity or the spectrum/power of the jet. In addition we show that there is a correlation (in slope but not in normalization) between IR and X‐ray luminosities on the rise and decline, for all three low‐mass black hole X‐ray binaries with well‐sampled IR and X‐ray coverage:   L  NIR ∝ L  0.5–0.7  X  . In the high/soft state this slope is much shallower;   L  NIR ∝ L  0.1–0.2  X  , and we find that the NIR emission in this state is most likely dominated by the viscously heated (as opposed to X‐ray heated) accretion disc in all three sources.

Parallel tracks in infrared versus X‐ray emission in black hole X‐ray transient outbursts: a hysteresis effect?