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Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The chromatin remodeler  ATRX  is frequently mutated in high‐risk patients with a poor prognosis. Although many studies have reported  ATRX  aberrations and the associated clinical characteristics in neuroblastoma, a comprehensive overview is currently lacking. In this study, we extensively characterize the mutational spectrum of  ATRX  aberrations in neuroblastoma tumors reported in previous studies and present an overview of patient and tumor characteristics. We collected the data of a total of 127 neuroblastoma patients and three cell lines with  ATRX  aberrations originating from 20 papers. We subdivide the  ATRX  aberrations into nonsense, missense, and multiexon deletions (MEDs) and show that 68% of them are MEDs. Of these MEDs, 75% are predicted to be in‐frame. Furthermore, we identify a missense mutational hotspot region in the helicase domain. We also confirm that all three  ATRX  mutation types are more often identified in patients diagnosed at an older age, but still approximately 40% of the patients are aged 5 years or younger at diagnosis. Surprisingly, we found that 11q deletions are enriched in neuroblastomas with  ATRX  deletions compared to a reference cohort, but not in neuroblastomas with  ATRX  point mutations. Taken together, our data emphasizes a distinct  ATRX  mutation spectrum in neuroblastoma, which should be considered when studying molecular phenotypes and therapeutic strategies.

Mutational spectrum of ATRX aberrations in neuroblastoma and associated patient and tumor characteristics