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This paper studies magnetic induction for wireless powering and the data uplink of microsensors, in particular for future medical in-body applications. We consider an external massive coil array as power source (1 W) and data sink. For sensor devices at 12cm distance from the array, e.g. beneath the human skin, we compute a minimum coil size of 150&#x03BC;m assuming 50nW required chip activation power and operation at 750 MHz. A 275&#x03BC;m coil at the sensor allows for 1 Mbit/s uplink rate. Moreover, we study resonant sensor nodes in dense swarms, a key aspect of envisioned biomedical applications. In particular, we investigate the occurring passive relaying effect and cooperative transmit beamforming in the uplink. We show that the frequency- and location-dependent signal fluctuations in such swarms allow for significant performance gains when utilized with adaptive matching, spectrally-aware signaling and node cooperation. The work is based on a general magneto-inductive MIMO system model, which is introduced first.

Magneto-Inductive Powering and Uplink of In-Body Microsensors: Feasibility and High-Density Effects