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Traffic jams in urban scenarios are often caused by bottlenecks related to the street topology and road infrastructure, e.g traffic lights and merging of lanes. Instead of addressing traffic flow optimization in a static way by extending the road capacity through constructing additional streets, upcoming smart cities will take advantage of the availability of modern communication technologies to dynamically change the mobility behavior of individual vehicles taking these bottlenecks into account. The underlying overall goal is to minimize the total dwell time of the vehicles within the road network. In this paper, a new bottleneck-aware method for dynamic vehicle routing is introduced and compared to existing methods in comprehensive simulations. As a realistic evaluation scenario, the inner city of Dusseldorf is modeled and the mobility behavior of the cars is represented based on real-world traffic flow data. The simulation results show, that the consideration of bottlenecks in a routing method decreased the average travel time by around 23%. The newly created routing method reduces the average travel time further by around 10%. The simulations also show, that the implementation of dynamic lanes in inner cities, and so the manipulation of the capacity of the bottleneck, most of the time only shift traffic congestion to following bottlenecks without reducing the travel times.

Performance Comparison of Dynamic Vehicle Routing Methods for Minimizing the Global Dwell Time in Upcoming Smart Cities