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In this paper, a recently conducted measurement campaign forunmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) channels is introduced. The downlink signals ofan in-service long-time-evolution (LTE) network which is deployed in a suburbanscenario were acquired. Five horizontal and five vertical flight routes wereconsidered. The channel impulse responses (CIRs) are extracted from thereceived data by exploiting the cell specific signals (CRSs). Based on theCIRs, the parameters of multipath components (MPCs) are estimated by using ahigh-resolution algorithm derived according to the space-alternatinggeneralized expectation-maximization (SAGE) principle. Based on the SAGEresults, channel characteristics including the path loss, shadow fading, fastfading, delay spread and Doppler frequency spread are thoroughly investigatedfor different heights and horizontal distances, which constitute a stochasticmodel.

An Empirical Air-to-Ground Channel Model Based on Passive Measurements in LTE