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In this paper, we propose a greedy user selection with swap (GUSS) algorithm based on zero-forcing beamforming for multiuser multiple-input&#x2013;multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channels. Existing user selection algorithms such as zero forcing with selection (ZFS) have the flaws of &#x201C;redundant users&#x201D; and &#x201C;local optimum,&#x201D; which compromise the achieved sum rate. GUSS improves the performance by adding the &#x201C;delete&#x201D; and &#x201C;swap&#x201D; operations to the user selection procedure of ZFS to eliminate &#x201C;redundant users&#x201D; and escape from &#x201C;local optimum,&#x201D; respectively. In addition, an effective-channel-vector-based effective-channel-gain-updating scheme is proposed to reduce the complexity of GUSS. With the help of this updating scheme, GUSS has the same order of complexity as ZFS with only a linear increment. Simulation results indicate that over the range of transmit signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) considered, on average, the sum rate of GUSS reaches 99.3% of the upper bound that is achieved by exhaustive search, with only 1.51 to 2.29 times the complexity of ZFS.

User Selection for Multiuser MIMO Downlink With Zero-Forcing Beamforming