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We report a method to monitor the setting process of bone-graft substitutes(calcium sulphate) using ultrasonic backscattering techniques. Analyzing thebackscattered fields using a pulse-echo technique, we show that it is possibleto dynamically describe the acoustic properties of the material which arelinked to its setting state. Several experiments were performed to control thesetting process of calcium sulphate using a 3.5-MHz transducer. The variationof the apparent integrated backscatter (AIB) with time during the settingprocess is analyzed and compared with measurements of the speed of sound (SOS)and temperature of the sample. The correlation of SOS and AIB allows to clearlyidentify two different states of the samples, liquid and solid, in addition tothe transition period. Results show that using backscattering analysis thesetting state of the material can be estimated with a threshold of 15 dB. Thisultrasonic technique is indeed a first step to develop real-time monitoringsystems for time-varying complex media as those present in bone regenerationfor dental implantology applications.

Monitoring the setting of calcium sulphate bone-graft substitute using ultrasonic backscattering