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We consider the residential energy storage management system with integratedrenewable generation, with the availability of bidirectional energy flow fromand to the grid thorough buying and selling. We propose a real-timebidirectional energy control algorithm, aiming to minimize the net system cost,due to energy buying and selling and battery deterioration and inefficiencyfrom storage activities, within a given time period, subject to the batteryoperational constraints and energy buying and selling constraints. We formulatethe problem as a stochastic control optimization problem. We then modify andtransform this difficult problem into one that enables us to develop thereal-time energy control algorithm through Lyapunov optimization. Our developedalgorithm is applicable to arbitrary and unknown statistics of renewablegeneration, load, and electricity prices. It provides a simple closed-formcontrol solution only based on current system states with minimum complexityfor real-time implementation. Furthermore, the solution structure reveals howthe battery energy level and energy prices affect the decision on energy flowand storage. The proposed algorithm possesses a bounded performance guaranteeto that of the optimal non-causal T-slot look-ahead control policy. Simulationshows the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm as compared with alternativereal-time and non-causal algorithms, as well as the effect of selling-to-buyingprice ratio and battery inefficiency on the storage behavior and system cost.

Residential Energy Storage Management with Bidirectional Energy Control