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In recent years, high availability and reliability of Data Storage Systems(DSS) have been significantly threatened by soft errors occurring in storagecontrollers. Due to their specific functionality and hardware-software stack,error propagation and manifestation in DSS is quite different fromgeneral-purpose computing architectures. To our knowledge, no previous studyhas examined the system-level effects of soft errors on the availability andreliability of data storage systems. In this paper, we first analyze theeffects of soft errors occurring in the server processors of storagecontrollers on the entire storage system dependability. To this end, weimplemented the major functions of a typical data storage system controller,running on a full stack of storage system operating system, and developed aframework to perform fault injection experiments using a full system simulator.We then propose a new metric, Storage System Vulnerability Factor (SSVF), toaccurately capture the impact of soft errors in storage systems. By conductingextensive experiments, it is revealed that depending on the controllerconfiguration, up to 40% of cache memory contains end-user data where anyunrecoverable soft errors in this part will result in Data Loss (DL) in anirreversible manner. However, soft errors in the rest of cache memory filled byOperating System (OS) and storage applications will result in DataUnavailability (DU) at the storage system level. Our analysis also shows thatDetectable Unrecoverable Errors (DUEs) on the cache data field are the majorcause of DU in storage systems, while Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs) in thecache tag and data field are mainly the cause of DL in storage systems.

Dependability Analysis of Data Storage Systems in Presence of Soft Errors