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With the increasing penetration of converter-interfaced distributedgeneration systems, it would be advantageous to specify local compliancecriteria for these devices to ensure the small-signal stability of theinterconnected system. Passivity of the device admittance, which is an exampleof a local criterion, has been used previously to avoid resonances betweenthese devices and the lightly damped oscillatory modes of the network. Typicalactive and reactive power control strategies like droop control and virtualsynchronous generator control inherently violate the passivity constraints onadmittance at low frequencies, although this does not necessarily mean that theinterconnected system will be unstable. Therefore, passivity of the admittanceis unsuitable as a stability criterion for devices that are represented bytheir wide-band models. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes the useof criteria based on admittance at higher frequencies and an alternativetransfer function at lower frequencies. The alternative representation usesactive and reactive power and the derivatives of the polar components ofvoltage as interface variables. To allow for the separate analysis at low andhigh frequencies, the device dynamics should exhibit a slow-fast separation;this is proposed as an additional constraint. Adherence to the proposedcriteria is not onerous and is easily verifiable through frequency responseanalysis.

Passivity-Based Decentralized Criteria for Small-Signal Stability of Power Systems with Converter-Interfaced Generation