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In this paper, a simplified model of a 2&#x00A0;&#x00D7;&#x00A0;25&#x00A0;kV bi-level traction power system for feeding high-speed trains is presented. A modified nodal analysis (MNA) based algorithm for solving the system with and adaptive damping factor is also explained. The main novelties of this paper are the inclusion of train protections (over-current and over-voltage) in the model and the development of the MNA solving procedure that increases the stability and robustness of the iterative solving process. Another important feature of the model is that it can be easily adapted to a single voltage feeding systems by deactivation of specific parameters. The accuracy and performance of the proposed simulator is compared and verified relative to the derivative based solvers.

High-Speed 2 × 25 kV Traction System Model and Solver for Extensive Network Simulations