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We consider a multi-cell massive MIMO system where a time-division duplex protocol is used to estimate the channel state information via uplink pilots. When maximum ratio combining (MRC) is used at the BSs, the re-use of pilots across cells causes the pilot contamination effect which yields interference components that do not vanish as the number of base-station (BS) antennas M &#x2192; &#x221E;. When treating interference as noise (TIN), this phenomenon limits the performance of multicell massive MIMO systems. In this paper, we analyze more advanced schemes based on simultaneous unique decoding (SD) as well as simultaneous non-unique decoding (SND) of the interference that can provide unbounded rate as M &#x2192; &#x221E;. We also establish a worst-case uncorrelated noise technique for multiple-access channels to derive achievable rate expressions for finite M. Furthermore, we study a much simpler subset of SND (called S-SND) which provides a lower bound to SND and achieves unbounded rate as M &#x2192; &#x221E;, and also outperforms SD for finite M. For the special cases of two-cell and threecell systems, using a maximum symmetric rate allocation policy we compare the performance of different interference decoding schemes with that of TIN. Finally, we numerically illustrate the improved performance of the proposed schemes.

Performance of Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems With Interference Decoding