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Consider a fixed orientation multi-user visible light communication (VLC) system with multi-color light emitting diodes (LEDs) where each transmitter serves a user with limited coordination impeding transmitter-side beamforming. In this paper, a multi-layer coding and constrained partial group decoding (CPGD) method is proposed to tackle strong color interference and increase the system throughput. After channel model formulation, user information rates are allocated and decoding order for all the received data layers is obtained by solving a max-min fairness problem using a greedy algorithm. An achievable rate is derived under the truncated Gaussian input distribution. To reduce the decoding complexity, a map on the decoding order and rate allocation is constructed for all positions of interest on the receiver plane parallel to the transmitter plane, and its size is reduced by a clustering algorithm. Meanwhile, the symmetrical geometry of LED arrays is exploited. Finally, the transmitter-user association problem is formulated and solved by a genetic algorithm. It is observed that the system throughput increases as the receivers are slightly misaligned with corresponding LED arrays due to the reduced interference level, but decreases afterwards due to the weakened link gain.

Constrained Partial Group Decoding With Max–Min Fairness for Multi-Color Multi-User Visible Light Communication