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Multi-group multicast beamforming in wireless systems with large antenna arrays and massive audience is investigated in this paper. Multicast beamforming design is a well-known non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. A conventional method to tackle this problem is to approximate it as a semi-definite programming problem via semi-definite relaxation, whose performance, however, deteriorates considerably as the number of per-group users goes large. A recent attempt is to apply convex-concave procedure (CCP) to find a stationary solution by treating it as a difference of convex programming problem, whose complexity, however, increases dramatically as the problem size increases. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity high-performance algorithm for multi-group multicast beamforming design in large-scale wireless systems by leveraging the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) together with CCP. In specific, the original non-convex QCQP problem is first approximated as a sequence of convex subproblems via CCP. Each convex subproblem is then reformulated as a novel ADMM form. Our ADMM reformulation enables that each updating step is performed by solving multiple small-size subproblems with closed-form solutions in parallel. Numerical results show that our fast algorithm maintains the same favorable performance as state-of-the-art algorithms but reduces the complexity by orders of magnitude.

ADMM-Based Fast Algorithm for Multi-Group Multicast Beamforming in Large-Scale Wireless Systems