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The next generation of cellular networks will exploit mmWave frequencies todramatically increase the network capacity. The communication at such highfrequencies, however, requires directionality to compensate the increase inpropagation loss. Users and base stations need to align their beams during bothinitial access and data transmissions, to ensure the maximum gain is reached.The accuracy of the beam selection, and the delay in updating the beam pair orperforming initial access, impact the end-to-end performance and the quality ofservice. In this paper we will present the beam management procedures that 3GPPhas included in the NR specifications, focusing on the different operationsthat can be performed in Standalone (SA) and in Non-Standalone (NSA)deployments. We will also provide a performance comparison among differentschemes, along with design insights on the most important parameters related tobeam management frameworks.

Standalone and Non-Standalone Beam Management for 3GPP NR at mmWaves