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Intelligent reflecting surfaces can improve the communication between a source and a destination. The surface contains metamaterial that is configured to &#x201C;reflect&#x201D; the incident wave from the source towards the destination. Two incompatible pathloss models have been used in prior work. In this letter, we derive the far-field pathloss using physical optics techniques and explain why the surface consists of many elements that individually act as diffuse scatterers but can jointly beamform the signal in a desired direction with a certain beamwidth. We disprove one of the previously conjectured pathloss models.

Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Physics, Propagation, and Pathloss Modeling