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The boundary element method (BEM) enables the efficient electromagnetic modeling of lossy conductors with a surface-based discretization. Existing BEM techniques for conductor modeling require either expensive dual basis functions or the use of both single- and double-layer potential operators to obtain a well-conditioned system matrix. The computational cost is particularly significant when conductors are embedded in stratified media, and the expensive multilayer Green's function (MGF) must be used. In this letter, a novel single-source BEM formulation is proposed, which leads to a well-conditioned system matrix without the need for dual basis functions. The proposed single-layer impedance matrix formulation does not require the double-layer potential to model the background medium, which reduces the cost associated with the MGF. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through realistic examples drawn from different applications.

SLIM: A Well-Conditioned Single-Source Boundary Element Method for Modeling Lossy Conductors in Layered Media