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Water color is an important parameter in water quality assessment. However, the existing water color investigations have mostly focused on the lakes with areas greater 1 km2. In order to improve the understanding of the color of water bodies in China, a cloud-free composite image of China for the summer of 2015 was generated using time-series of Landsat-8 imagery and the best-available-pixel (BAP) compositing algorithm. Then, the first Forel–Ule index (FUI) water color product with a resolution of 30 m was produced for China using the generated BAP composite and the Google Earth Engine computing platform. Finally, the first national-scale assessment of the FUI of natural lakes with an area >0.01 km2 (<italic>N</italic> = 60026) was conducted based on the generated FUI product. The generated FUI product was shown to have a high degree of consistency with <italic>in situ</italic> water surface reflectance-derived FUI (R2 = 0.90, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). Also, it had a high degree of consistency with the <italic>in situ</italic> Secchi depth (R2 = 0.90, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) and trophic level index (R2 = 0.62, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) datasets. In addition, we found that the most prevalent lake colors in China were yellow (about 49%) and green (about 41%). Besides, the proportion of small lakes (areas < 1 km2) found to be yellow was much larger than for large lakes (area ≥ 1 km2) (50% against 28%). Our results will provide important information that can be used for preserving and restoring inland water resources.

An Assessment of Water Color for Inland Water in China Using a Landsat 8-Derived Forel–Ule Index and the Google Earth Engine Platform