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In this article, we propose an automatic and efficient method to solve optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image registration using the improved phase congruency (PC) model. First, evenly distributed keypoints are extracted from the optical images via the block-Harris method. Complementary grid points are then selected in image regions with poor structural information and supplemented to the keypoint set. For each keypoint, a robust feature representation that captures the local spatial relationship is proposed based on the improved PC model. Specifically, we propose to use two different PC models, the classic PC and the SAR-PC, to construct features for optical and SAR images, respectively. The PC features of several directions are aggregated to construct the feature descriptors, and a similarity metric via the phase correlation of feature descriptors is obtained. The proposed similarity metric cannot only find accurate correspondence but also present efficient results without presetting the size of the search region. We compare the proposed method with two baselines and state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, i.e., OS-SIFT, histogram of oriented PC, and channel features of oriented gradients, in various scenarios. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the baselines and shows comparable performance with SOTA methods in regions with abundant structural information and better performance in regions with less structural information. Moreover, we build a high-resolution optical and SAR image matching dataset, which consists of 10&#x00A0;692 nonoverlapping patch pairs of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times 256$</tex-math></inline-formula> pixels and 1-m resolution. Results of two benchmarks, Siamese deep matching network, and conditional generative adversarial networks show that this dataset is practical and challenging.

Automatic Registration of Optical and SAR Images Via Improved Phase Congruency Model