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This paper presents a 28-GHz CMOS four-element phased-array transceiver chip for the fifth-generation mobile network (5G) new radio (NR). The proposed transceiver is based on the local-oscillator (LO) phase-shifting architecture, and it achieves quasi-continuous phase tuning with less than 0.2-dB radio frequency (RF) gain variation and 0.3&#x00B0;C phase error. Accurate beam control with suppressed sidelobe level during beam steering could be supported by this work. At 28 GHz, a single-element transmitter-mode output    ${{\mathrm {P}}_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}}$    of 15.7 dBm and a receiver-mode noise figure (NF) of 4.1 dB are achieved. The eight-element transceiver modules developed in this work are capable of scanning the beam from &#x2212;50&#x00B0; to &#x002B;50&#x00B0; with less than &#x2212;9-dB sidelobe level. A saturated equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 39.8 dBm is achieved at 0&#x00B0; scan. In a 5-m over-the-air measurement, the proposed module demonstrates the first 512 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation in the 28-GHz band. A data stream of 6.4 Gb/s in 256-QAM could be supported within a beam angle of &#x00B1;50&#x00B0;. The achieved maximum data rate is 15 Gb/s in 64-QAM. The proposed transceiver chip consumes 1.2 W/chip in transmitter mode and 0.59 W/chip in receiver mode.

A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Transceiver Based on LO Phase-Shifting Architecture With Gain Invariant Phase Tuning for 5G New Radio