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The potential benefits of the adoption of cyber&#x2013;physical production systems (CPPSs) and their significant role in enabling smart manufacturing is well recognized today. However, it is less clear how such CPPS can be most effectively and consistently engineered and maintained throughout their lifecycle due to the existing divide in the information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) landscape and  ad hoc  integration practices that result in inconsistent data and data models at various levels of manufacturing processes. The work presented in this article addresses this problem by envisioning a connective framework to support the engineering of CPPS through the use of a set of digital twins consistent with the real system throughout its lifecycle, not just used in the design and deployment phases. A review of the latest perspectives on using digital integration frameworks, methods, and solutions for lifecycle engineering of CPPS is provided in this article. This article demonstrates how a suitable framework, named SIMPLE, can be realized to effectively address the lack of consistent data models throughout the engineering lifecycle, including implementation details and example cases developed by the authors at the Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG) in selected industrial sectors. Consideration is given to supporting cyber-to-physical systems&#x2019; connectivity and extendable engineering toolsets, forming the basis for multidisciplinary digital engineering environments. Key discussion points include the role and importance of effective integration of IT and OT, suitable frameworks for integration and collaboration.

A Connective Framework to Support the Lifecycle of Cyber–Physical Production Systems