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The engineering vision of relying on the ``smart sky" for supporting airtraffic and the ``Internet above the clouds" for in-flight entertainment hasbecome imperative for the future aircraft industry. Aeronautical ad hocNetworking (AANET) constitutes a compelling concept for providing broadbandcommunications above clouds by extending the coverage of Air-to-Ground (A2G)networks to oceanic and remote airspace via autonomous and self-configuredwireless networking amongst commercial passenger airplanes. The AANET conceptmay be viewed as a new member of the family of Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs)in action above the clouds. However, AANETs have more dynamic topologies,larger and more variable geographical network size, stricter securityrequirements and more hostile transmission conditions. These specificcharacteristics lead to more grave challenges in aircraft mobility modeling,aeronautical channel modeling and interference mitigation as well as in networkscheduling and routing. This paper provides an overview of AANET solutions bycharacterizing the associated scenarios, requirements and challenges.Explicitly, the research addressing the key techniques of AANETs, such as theirmobility models, network scheduling and routing, security and interference arereviewed. Furthermore, we also identify the remaining challenges associatedwith developing AANETs and present their prospective solutions as well as openissues. The design framework of AANETs and the key technical issues areinvestigated along with some recent research results. Furthermore, a range ofperformance metrics optimized in designing AANETs and a number ofrepresentative multi-objective optimization algorithms are outlined.

Aeronautical Ad Hoc Networking for the Internet-Above-The-Clouds