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We demonstrate a torsion sensor with rotation direction discrimination based on a pre-twisted core-cladding mode Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fabricated in single mode fiber by twisting the fiber during CO<sub>2</sub> laser irradiation to induce a permanent screw-type distortion at the two points of coupling between the core and cladding. The proposed sensor can measure the twist rate with a sensitivity of up to 10.35 nm/(rad/cm) and determine its rotation direction (i.e., clockwise or counterclockwise) simultaneously. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the torsion sensor can be enhanced by increasing the initial shear strain.

Torsion Sensor with Rotation Direction Discrimination Based on a Pre-twisted In-Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer