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A class of circular 64-QAM that combines &#x201C;geometric&#x201D; and &#x201C;probabilistic&#x201D; shaping aspects is presented. It is compared to square 64-QAM in back-to-back, single-channel, and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission experiments. First, for the linear additive white Gaussian noise channel model, it permits to operate close to the Shannon limits for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. Second, WDM simulations over several hundreds of kilometers show that the obtained signal-to-noise ratios are equivalent to-or slightly exceed-those of probabilistic shaped 64-QAM. Third, for real-life validation purpose, an experimental comparison with unshaped 64-QAM is performed where 28% distance gains are recorded when using 19 channels at 54.2 GBd. This again is in line-or slightly exceeds-the gains generally obtained with probabilistic shaping. Depending upon implementation requirements (core forward-error correcting scheme for example), the investigated modulation schemes may be key alternatives for next-generation optical systems.

Exploring and Experimenting With Shaping Designs for Next-Generation Optical Communications