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One of the main challenges in Internet of Things (IoT) is providing communication support to an increasing number of connected devices. In recent years, the narrowband radio technology has emerged to address this situation: narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), which is now part of 5G. Supporting massive connectivity becomes particularly demanding in extreme coverage scenarios, such as underground or deep inside building sites. We propose a novel strategy for these situations focused on optimizing NB-IoT shared channels through the selection of link parameters: modulation and coding scheme, as well as the number of repetitions. These parameters are established by the base station (BS) for each block transmitted until reaching a target block error rate (BLERt). A wrong selection of these magnitudes leads to radio resource waste and a decrease in the number of possible concurrent connections. Specifically, our strategy is based on a lookup table (LUT) scheme which is used for rapidly delivering the optimal link parameters given a target QoS. To validate our proposal, we compare with alternative strategies using an open-source NB-IoT uplink simulator. The experiments are based on transmitting blocks of 256 bits using an AWGN channel over the NPUSCH. Results show that, especially under extreme conditions, only a few options for link parameters are available, favoring robustness against measurement uncertainties. Our strategy minimizes resource usage in all scenarios of the acknowledged mode and remarkably reduces losses in the unacknowledged mode, presenting also substantial gains in performance. We expect to influence the future BS software design and implementation, favoring connection support under extreme environments.

Extreme Coverage in 5G Narrowband IoT: A LUT-Based Strategy to Optimize Shared Channels