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Multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems suffer from a huge overhead of channel estimation for the application of the Internet of things (IoT), which demands the systems to support massive connectivity of users. An intermittent estimation scheme is proposed to ease the burden of channel acquisition. In the scheme, we exploit the temporal correlation of MIMO channels and analyze the influence of the age of CSI on the downlink transmission rate using linear precoders. We show the CSI updating interval of each user should follow a quasi-periodic distribution. The CSI updating frequency is optimized to balance between the accuracy of CSI estimation and the overhead of CSI acquisition.

How Often Should CSI Be Updated for Massive MIMO Systems with Massive Connectivity?