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The low inertia of renewable-based distributed energy resources (DERs) renders hybrid networked microgrids (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs) dynamically susceptible to transients. Such fragility makes it very difficult for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs operators to maintain a reasonable margin for the resilient operation during extreme condition contingencies. This paper presents a three-stage emergency approach to improve resilience of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs through maintaining dynamic security. The proposed approach targets preserving the resilient operation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs by preventing unnecessary tripping of the DERs after unintentional islanding incident. To do so, a resilient operation zone (ROZ) is introduced which determines the secure operating zone for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs and the limits for implementing the corrective countermeasures for resilience augmentation. The proposed approach is outlined in three stages: First, offline analysis is carried out to model and calculate the ROZ. Second, hybrid <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs operating point is monitored at the pre-event stage and the calculated ROZ at offline stage is adapted to the operating conditions. The third stage is responsible for real-time evaluation of hybrid <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs security using the ROZ and implementation of the countermeasures. Comprehensive simulation studies presented in this paper demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed scheme for enhancing resilience of hybrid <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Gs.

An Adaptive Emergency Approach for Hybrid Networked Microgrids Resilience