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In this article, the significance of engineered ground planes in microstrip antennas and the effects of various configurations for the enhancements of the characteristics like isolation, cross-polarization levels, bandwidth and size reduction are vividly analyzed. These defects are classified and compared based on different applications and some important conclusions have been derived to infer a clear idea about their implementations as well as design considerations. The basic objective of this article is to motivate the readers and make them understand how this simple technique can be utilized to achieve various complex requirements of antennas needed for many contemporary as well as upcoming technologies like 5G, massive MIMO, IoT and millimeter-wave communications by taking care of all the above parameters.

Consideration of Engineered Ground Planes for Planar Antennas: Their Effects and Applications, a Review