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For several years, machine learning (ML) technologies open up new opportunities which solve traditional problems based on a rich set of hardware resources. Unfortunately, ML technologies sometimes waste available hardware resources (<italic>e.g.</italic>, CPU and GPU) because they spend a lot of time waiting for a previous step inside ML procedure. In this paper, we first study data flows of the ML procedure in detail to find avoidable performance bottlenecks. Then, we propose <monospace>ol.data</monospace>, the first software-based data processing scheme that aims to (1) overlap training and validation steps in one epoch or two adjacent epochs, and (2) perform validation steps in parallel, which helps to significantly improve not only the computation time but also the resource utilization. To confirm the positive effectiveness of <monospace>ol.data</monospace>, we implemented a convolution neural network (CNN) model with <monospace>ol.data</monospace> and compared it with the traditional approaches, Numpy (<italic>i.e.</italic>, baseline) and tf.data on three different datasets. As a result, we confirmed that <monospace>ol.data</monospace> reduces the inference time by up to 41.8&#x0025; and increases the utilization of CPU and GPU resources by up to 75.7&#x0025; and 38.7&#x0025;, respectively.

Overlapped Data Processing Scheme for Accelerating Training and Validation in Machine Learning