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A new disturbance observer-based control method is presented in this paper to address the attitude tracking problem of rigid-body spacecraft in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Particularly, a sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) is designed. The most important feature of this SMDO is the relaxation of the assumption that external disturbances must be constants or changing at a slow rate, which is a typical assumption required in these classes of problems concerning disturbance observer (DO) design but hard to guarantee from the standpoint of practical engineering. In addition, a special adaptive integral sliding mode controller is combined with the SMDO to ensure system state convergence. The proposed control scheme&#x2019;s primary advantage is the enhanced robustness against system parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Stringent closed-loop system stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov-based stability theory. Numerical simulations are carried out on nonlinear model of spacecraft to validate the proposed control scheme&#x2019;s efficiency compared to the existing methods in the literature.

High-Performance Adaptive Attitude Control of Spacecraft With Sliding Mode Disturbance Observer