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A beam-forming system for a patch antenna is proposed to realize a deeply tilted beam with high-gain, high aperture efficiency, and low sidelobe level. The proposed system uses only one novel metaplate, where the total system height is less than one wavelength. Firstly, a T-shaped metatwin is created as an element for the metaplate. It is revealed that the metatwin can provide a phase shift of more than 450&#x00B0; with change in the metatwin arm length. Based on this, secondly, a simulation is performed where a normally incident plane wave is refracted at a deep angle of 65&#x00B0; using a single metaplate. Thirdly, the incident plane wave is changed to a quasi-spherical wave using a small patch antenna. It is found that a 65&#x00B0; tilted beam is formed by virtue of a newly designed single metaplate. It is also found that a gain of 18.1 dBi is realized with an aperture efficiency of 49&#x0025; and a maximum side lobe level of &#x2212;14.6 dB. Fourthly, all simulated results, including the frequency response of the gain and S11, are validated using measured results.

Realization of Deep Tilt Angle, High Aperture Efficiency, and Low Sidelobe Using a Single Metaplate and a Patch Antenna